Controlled warfare: how directed-energy weapons will enable the US Military to fight effectively in an urban environment while minimizing collateral damage

US military operations are increasingly conducted within urban environments and with these operations come the risk of increasing the number of civilian casualties and infrastructure damage. The use of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, is one method for minimizing collateral damage. This method enables US military forces to effectively fight within urban environments through force escalation capabilities. Using a series of historical examples and future scenarios for urban warfare, this article highlights deficiencies affecting military capabilities in military urban operations, addresses the consequences of collateral damage, assesses the effectiveness of directed-energy weapons in military urban operations and encourages further funding, research and integration of non-lethal weaponry, such as directed-energy weapons, within the US military.     

An approximate dynamic programing approach to the development of heuristics for the scheduling of impatient jobs in a clearing system

A single server is faced with a collection of jobs of varying duration and urgency. Each job has a random lifetime during which it is available for nonpreemptive service. Should a job's lifetime expire before its service begins then it is lost from the system unserved. The goal is to schedule the jobs for service to maximize the expected number served to completion. Two heuristics have been proposed in the literature. One (labeled π^S) operates a static priority among the job classes and works well in a “no premature job loss” limit, whereas the second (π^M) is a myopic heuristic which works well when lifetimes are short. Both can exhibit poor performance for problems at some distance from the regimes for which they were designed. We develop a robustly good heuristic by an approximative approach to the application of a policy improvement step to the asymptotically optimal heuristic π^S, in which we use a fluid model to obtain an approximation for the value function of π^S. The performance of the proposed heuristic is investigated in an extensive numerical study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

改进的Apriori数据挖掘算法的应用

Apriori算法是一种最有影响的挖掘布尔关联规则频繁项集的基本算法.针对防区外联合攻击武器系统在仿真过程中产生的大量数据,利用Apriori算法对仿真结果进行分析,得出一些有参考价值的规则,实现了关联规则挖掘在军用系统仿真中的应用.并对Apriori算法存在的问题进行了一些改进,用新的修剪策略,提高了算法的效率;增加独立性检验,进一步保证了关联规则的正确性.     

关联规则在消防接处警数据分析中的应用

阐述了关联规则及Apriori算法的基本概念、基本方法;运用关联规则Apriori算法,对某市2002年至2006年的消防接处警数据进行了初步关联规则挖掘,并给出了挖掘结果的简要说明,为数据挖掘在消防接处警数据分析方面作出了初步的探索。     

启发式教学在心理健康教育中的应用及思考

启发式教育有利于发展学生智力、培养创新能力、开阔思维,是目前绝大多数教育者推崇的教学模式。本文对如何把启发式教学模式融入心理健康教学过程进行了探索,构建了"激发、启发、开发、焕发"四步启发式教学模式。启发式教学从学生的实际出发,依据学习规律和学生身心发展规律,体现了素质教育的思想;同时,在教学中调动学生积极性、主动性和创造性,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

基于蚁群算法的模糊控制规则优化设计

为了避免设计模糊控制系统时遇到的“规则爆炸”问题,提出基于模糊相容系数的模糊规则优化方法．该方法定义了模糊规则的相容程度,得出的相容系数矩阵作为蚁群算法的启发式因子．采用蚁群算法优化模糊规则进行仿真,结果显示该方法生成的模糊规则具有较好的相容性和控制性能．     

Efficient sequential decision‐making algorithms for container inspection operations

Following work of Stroud and Saeger (Proceedings of ISI, Springer Verlag, New York, 2006) and Anand et al. (Proceedings of Computer, Communication and Control Technologies, 2003), we formulate a port of entry inspection sequencing task as a problem of finding an optimal binary decision tree for an appropriate Boolean decision function. We report on new algorithms for finding such optimal trees that are more efficient computationally than those presented by Stroud and Saeger and Anand et al. We achieve these efficiencies through a combination of specific numerical methods for finding optimal thresholds for sensor functions and two novel binary decision tree search algorithms that operate on a space of potentially acceptable binary decision trees. The improvements enable us to analyze substantially larger applications than was previously possible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

改进关联规则挖掘算法航空发动机故障检测

通过对航空发动机机载数据结构以及几种常用的航空发动机故障检测方法的深入分析,提出采用关联规则挖掘来实现航空发动机故障检测.针对常用的关联规则挖掘算法——Apriori在应对数据量较大的数据库时存在效率瓶颈的问题,对该算法进行了改进.改进后的算法可以不断降低数据库规模和候选项集的数量.通过对航空发动机实际试车数据的挖掘实...     

Quay crane scheduling at container terminals to minimize the maximum relative tardiness of vessel departures

In this paper, we study the problem of scheduling quay cranes (QCs) at container terminals where incoming vessels have different ready times. The objective is to minimize the maximum relative tardiness of vessel departures. The problem can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model of large size that is difficult to solve directly. We propose a heuristic decomposition approach to breakdown the problem into two smaller, linked models, the vessel‐level and the berth‐level models. With the same berth‐level model, two heuristic methods are developed using different vessel‐level models. Computational experiments show that the proposed approach is effective and efficient. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

【专题】无人机空战决策技术研究进展

随着无人机相关技术领域的飞速发展,无人机迅速成为世界各国军事领域的研究热点。无人机自主决策作为无人机领域的核心问题,指的是无人机基于空战态势,利用数学优化理论、人工智能等方法,独立自主地生成机动动作控制指令以完成设定目标的过程。本文首先介绍了世界各国该领域的研究进展,并基于空战决策的求解思路,将决策方法分为三类：基于对策理论、基于专家知识以及基于启发式学习算法的决策方法。其次,针对基于对策理论的空战决策方法,阐述了从微分对策到矩阵对策的发展及联系;针对基于专家知识的空战决策方法,介绍了该类方法的建模方法,改进方向;针对基于启发式学习算法的决策方法,论述了各典型方法的适用条件、改进途径等。最后,对无人机空战决策的研究难点进行分析,并展望了未来的研究方向与趋势。